China Waterkrachtopslag huidige situatieonderzoeksrapport

What are the three water crises in China?

Liu et al. (2012) analysed the water resource problems during China's urbanization and proposed the “three water crises” in cities: water shortage, waterlogging, and water pollution. Shi et al. (2008a) summarized the most frequently used evaluation index system of water security in China.

Does China have a water shortage?

China's water use pattern, however, intensifies water scarcity, with increased exposure to the risk of severe water shortages, particularly in North China. At the national level, China's total water consumption has been steadily increasing, of which agriculture remains the biggest water user among sectors.

What are some examples of water problems in China?

For example, He et al. (2007) summarized the four problems of water shortage, water pollution, water waste, and low water-use efficiency in medium- and small-sized cities in China.

How can China alleviate water crisis and shorten its duration?

China can alleviate water crisis and shorten its duration by management strategies. China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity that seriously threatens the socio-economic development and its sustainability of this country. This paper is intended to analyze and assess the water security of China.

How much water is withdrawn in China?

In fact, water withdrawals for construction and services account for an average of about 20% of total domestic water withdrawal 14. Internationally speaking, water accounting in China now lags behind other developed countries such as Australia, the U.S. and France 26, 27, 28.

Does spatial heterogeneity affect water security in China?

As China's water scarcity is characteristic of spatial heterogeneity, the spatial scale of water use patterns does matter to water security. Sharing some similarity with its national counterpart, water consumption at the regional level also shows spatial heterogeneity, with increased water insecurity in local areas.