Prospectanalyse van ferrochroom-energieopslagapparatuur

What challenges did ferrochrome producers face in South Africa?

Van der Lingen and Paton observed similar challenges faced by ferrochrome producers in South Africa: the increase in electricity prices, the selling price suppressed by China, the decline in beneficiation in South Africa, increased labour costs, and increased ore exports to China.

Why does Finland use ferrochrome slag so much?

The high utilization obtained by Finland is a result of a decicion by the Finnish Supreme Court, where the only ferrochrome producer obtained the right to sell their slag without an environmental licensing process to third parties.

Is ferrochrome slag a waste material?

Despite the excellent physical properties of ferrochrome slag, South African legislation considers slag as a waste material due to its potential negative environmental impact. This has hampered the large scale reuse of ferro-chrome slag within the country.

What processing technologies are used in ferrochrome production in South Africa?

Current processing technologies in ferrochrome production in South Africa include the Outotec process (used in most South African smelters), the Premus process (employed in Glencore Alloys), conventional furnaces (employed in both Glencore and Samancor smelters), and the DC arc furnace (employed in Samancor and Mogale Alloys).

How has ferrochrome capacity changed in South Africa?

The ferrochrome industry in South Africa enlarged its capacity by 39 per cent from 2015, but had to operate at a lower capacity, as the utilisation of capacity dropped from 90 per cent in 2004 to 74 per cent in 2010 .

Do ferrochrome producers need a roadmap for South African ferromanganese production?

Steenkamp, Bam, Ringdalen, Mushwana, Hockaday and Sithole presented the challenges faced by ferrochrome producers in ferromanganese production in South Africa as the basis for needing a roadmap for South African ferromanganese producers.